THW-L2 Transient Hot-Wire

The Transient Hot-Wire (THW-L2) is widely used for the accurate measurement of thermal conductivity for liquids and pastes.

Best for liquids and pastes
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    THW-L2

    The Transient Hot Wire (THW-L2) Liquid Thermal Conductivity Meter is a portable measurement system for direct determination of the thermal conductivity of liquids and pastes. The THW-L2 follows international standard ASTM D7896-19, and was designed with speed and operational simplicity in mind.

    Features

    The Transient Hot Wire (THW-L2) Liquid Thermal Conductivity Meter is an advanced measurement system for direct determination of the thermal conductivity of liquids and pastes in accordance with ASTM D7896-19. The THW-L2 was designed with speed and operational simplicity in mind. With a single measurement of less than 2 seconds in duration, small volumes of liquids and pastes can be accurately and precisely measured for thermal conductivity.

    The THW-L2 utilizes a non-stationary measurement approach and rapid test times to limit convective effects for samples with a wide range of viscosities. The THW sensor consists of a thin heating wire 60 mm in length and is completely inserted into the sample to be tested. The sensor wire is heated using a constant current source (q) and the temperature rise is recorded by monitoring the change in electrical resistance of the wire. The slope (m) from the plot of temperature rise vs. logarithm of time is used in the calculation of thermal conductivity (λ). For liquid samples of high thermal conductivity, the lower the slope. For liquid samples of low thermal conductivity, the higher the slope.

    THW equation
    • Follows international standard: ASTM D7896-19
    • Portable, Economical, & Accurate
    • Results without the effects of convection
    • Easy to use
    • Optional thermoelectric dry bath for automated temperature testing

    Specification

    Materials

    Liquids & Pastes

    Measurement Capabilities

    Bulk Properties

    Thermal Conductivity

    0.01 to 2 W/m•K

    Measurement Time

    < 2 seconds

    Reproducibility

    Typically better than 2%

    Accuracy

    Typically better than 5%

    Temperature Range*

    -50 to 100°C

    Pressure

    Ambient

    Smallest Volume

    15 ml

    Largest Sample Size

    Unlimited

    Standard

    ASTM D7896-19

    * Requires cooling/heating apparatus.

    Testing Sensor & Applications

    THW-L2 Sensor

    Standard THW-L2 Sensor

    The THW-L2 comes with the standard 60 mm sensor for the testing of liquids and pastes. The sensor is fully inserted into an isothermal sample, and measurements are made with the push of a button. In less than 2 seconds, results are displayed for thermal conductivity. Sample volumes as small as 15 ml can be tested. The easy to use THW software enables measurements to be controlled via a computer. When used in conjunction with the optional thermoelectric dry bath, the software can even automate thermal conductivity measurements with temperature.
    Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

    Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

    The THW-L2 is capable of testing the thermal conductivity of almost any kind of liquid including nanofluids, nanopowders, emulsions, and pastes using the same sensor and measuring cell. The sensitivity of the sensor can record even the smallest thermal conductivity changes when solid particles are settling inside a liquid mixture.
    Dry Bath

    Optional Dry Bath

    The optional dry bath allows for automated measurements of thermal conductivity with temperature (-10 to 90°C or 0 to 100°C). The THW software automatically controls the increments of temperature steps between the desired start and end temperatures to ensure isothermal conditions and test results are free of temperature drift effects. For wider temperature ranges, additional cooling/heating options are available.

    Liquids vs. Temperature

    THW Graph

    Using the Thermoelectric Dry Bath, the Thermtest THW-L2 is capable of testing liquids over a wide temperature range. In this  application, deionized ultra-filtered (DIUF) water was tested from 10 to 70 °C, using the THW-L2. All test results were within 5% of the literature values.

    Measurement Process

    THW sample

    The Sample

    Liquid samples of unlimited size can be tested with the THW-L2. With the small volume cell insert, volumes as low as 15 mL can be measured. The instrument’s ability to control convection, using short test times, allows accurate measurements of a wide range of samples with varying viscosities.
    Approximate Time: 1 min.
    THW-L2 insert sensor

    Insert Sensor

    Once the liquid has been poured into the sample holder, the sensor can be vertically inserted in place. For smaller sample volumes, position the small volume cell into the sample holder, prior to the addition of the sample and sensor.

    Approximate Time: < 1 min.

    THW-L2 run experiment

    Run Experiment

    The instrument can be controlled through the front panel with the push of a button, or Windows-based computer software. Single temperature point measurements, as well as scheduled temperature intervals, may be performed using the easy to use THW software.

    Approximate Time: < 1 min.

    THW-L2 Export results

    Exporting Results

    Using the Windows-based software, users can save, print, and export test results to Microsoft Excel, for further processing once testing is complete.

    Approximate Time: 1 min.

    Transient Hot Wire (THW) Models Comparison


    mp-1 thw

    THW-L1

    thw-l2

    Models

    MP-1 with THW

    THW-L1

    THW-L2

    MP-2 with THW-L3

    Materials

    Liquids, Pastes, and Powders

    Liquids, Pastes, and Powders

    Liquids, Pastes, and Powders

    Liquids, Pastes, and Powders

    Testing Modules

    Bulk

    Bulk

    Bulk

    Bulk

    Other Materials

    Solids with TPS

    No

    No

    Solids with TPS, TLS

    Thermal Conductivity

    0.01 to 2 W/m•K

    0.01 to 2 W/m•K

    0.01 to 2 W/m•K

    0.01 to 1 W/m•K

    Sample Size

    20 mL

    20 mL

    15 mL

    15 mL

    Additional Properties

    Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat

    Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat

    No

    No

    Temperature Range

    Room Temperature

    10 to 200 °C | -50/-15/0 to 200 °C

    -160/-45/-15/0 to 300 °C

    10 to 200 °C | -50/-15/0 to 200 °C

    -160/-45/-15/0 to 300 °C

    -50 to 100 °C

    Room Temperature

    10 to 40 °C

    Pressure

    Up to 35 bar*

    Up to 35 bar*

    Ambient

    Ambient

    Test Times

    1 second

    1 second

    1 second | < 5 seconds

    1 second

    Data-Points

    400 points/second

    100 points/second

    60 points/second

    60 points/second

    Thermal Conductivity Accuracy

    2 %

    2 %

    5 %

    5 %

    Repeatability

    1 %

    1 %

    2 %

    2 %

    Standards

    ASTM D7896-19

    ASTM D7896-19

    ASTM D7896-19

    ASTM D7896-19

    External Cooling Apparatus Required

    No | Yes*

    No | Yes*

    Yes

    Yes

    *Depending on the Model used

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